Laser and Non-Linear Optical Crystals
Northrop Grumman SYNOPTICS is the world's leading manufacturer of synthetic crystals and optical components used primarily in the solid-state laser industry.
Ruby (694 NM)
| Structural & Thermal Properties | |
|---|---|
| Formula: | Cr3+: Al2O3 |
| Crystal System: | Trigonal |
| Unit Cell Dimensions (as if hexagonal) | a = 4.785Å c = 12.99Å |
| X-Ray Density: | 3.98g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 2040°C |
| Thermal Expansion: at 323 K: | ┴ c5x10-6K-1 || c6.7x10-6K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity: 300K: | 28W/m•K |
| Hardness: | Mohs: 9, Knoop: 2000kgmm-2 |
| Young's Modulus: | 345GPa |
| Specific Heat: at 291K: | 761Jkg-1K-1 |
| Thermal Stress Resistance parameter, RT: | 34W/cm |
| General Specifications | |
| Diameter Tolerance: | +0.000"/-0.002" |
| Chamfer: | 0.005"±0.003" @ 45° |
| Barrel Finish: | 30 ± 5μinches |
| Perpendicularity: | within 5arcminutes |
| Parallelism: | 30arc - seconds or less |
| Rod End Face Flatness: | within λ/10 wave at 632nm wavelength |
| Surface Quality: | 10 - 5 scratch-dig per MIL-O-13830A |
| Wave Front Distortion: | less than 1/2 wave per inch of length (measured at 1micron) |
| Standard Coating: | Anti-Reflection where R < 0.25% @ 694nm |
| Laser rod orientation: | 60±5° from the c-axis |
Alexandrite – Allexite (710 NM - 800 NM)
| Ordering Options & Specifications | |
|---|---|
| %Cr Concentration: | 0.13% (0.10% to 0.20% available) |
| Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length): | l/2 |
| End Face Parallelism: | < 30arc seconds |
| Material Properties | |
| Formula: | Be(Al1-xCrx)2O4 |
| Crystal Structure: |
Orthorhombic |
| Unit Cell Dimensions (Å) | 9.404(a) x 5.476(b) x 4.427(c) |
| Thermal Expansion
(x 10-6 °C-1): |
6.30(a) x 6.00(b) x 6.50(c) |
| Index of Refraction (at 750 nm): |
1.7367(a) x 1.7241(b) x 1.7346(c) |
| Melting Point: |
1870°C |
| Vickers Hardness: |
2000kgmm-2 |
| Density: |
3.7g/cm3 |
| Thermal Conductivity: |
0.23Wcm-1K-1 |
| Young's Modulus: |
469GPa |
| Thermal Shock Resistance: |
35 - 74W/cm |
| dn/dT: |
8x10-6K-1 |
ND:YLF (1047NM and 1053NM)
| Advantages | |
|---|---|
| Low Thermal Lensing, Large Fluorescence, Linewidth, Birfringent, | |
| Applications |
|
| High Power, Short Pulse, Amplifiers | |
| Ordering Options and Specifications | |
| (Tolerance +/- 0.10% and +/- 0.20%): | 1%, 1.5%, or 2.0% |
| Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length): | l/4 |
| End Face Parallelism: | < 10 arc seconds |
| Material Properties | |
| Formula: |
Nd:LiYF4 |
| Crystal Structure: |
Tetragonal |
| Growth Direction: |
Along a axis [100] |
| Moh Hardness: |
4 - 5 |
| Melting Point: |
825°C |
| Density: |
3.95g/cm3 |
| Thermal Conductivity: |
0.06W/cm°C |
| Heat Capacity: |
0.79Jg-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion: (x 10-6 °C-1) |
13 (along a axis) 8 (along c axis) |
| Index of Refraction at 633 nm: |
1.453 (e ray) 1.476 (o ray) |
| Index of Refraction at 1064 nm: |
1.448 (e ray) 1.470 (o ray) |
| Young's Modulus: |
7.65x108g/cm2 |
| Poisson's Ratio: |
0.33 |
CR, ER:YSGG (2940 NM)
| Ordering Options and Specifications | |
|---|---|
| %Er Concentration: |
30% |
| %Cr Concentration: |
2% |
| Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length): |
l/2 |
| End Face Parallelism: |
30arc seconds |
| Material Properties | |
| Formula | Y2.93Sc1.43Ga3.64O12 |
| Crystal Structure |
Cubic |
| Moh Hardness | 8 |
| Density |
5.67g/cm3 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 8Wm-1K-1 |
| dn/dT2 | 12x10-6K-1 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.92 at 1mm |
Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG (2080 nm)
| CTH:YAG Advantages | |
|---|---|
| High-efficiency 2µm source |
|
| Laser diode sources can pump the strong 780nm Tm3+ ion absorption line | |
| Operates in a relatively eye-safe wavelength range | |
| Ordering Options and Specifications | |
| %Cr Concentration: | 0.85% |
| %Tm Concentration: | 5.9% |
| %Ho Concentration: |
0.36% |
| Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length): | < l/2 |
| End Face Parallelism: |
< 30arc seconds |
| Material Properties |
|
| Formula: | Cr3+, Tm3+, Ho3+:Y3Al5O12 |
| Crystal Orientation: |
Cubic [111] |
| Density: |
4.7g/cm3 |
| Index of Refraction: |
1.80 at 2080nm |
| Fluorescence Lifetime: |
8.5ms |
| Emission Cross Section2: |
7x10-21cm2 |
Nd:YAG (1064 nm)
| Advantages | |
|---|---|
| High Gain, Low Threshold, High Efficiency, | |
| Low Loss at 1.06µm, High Optical Quality, |
|
| Good Mechanical and Thermal Properties | |
| Ordering Options and Specifications | |
| (Tolerance +/- 0.10% and +/- 0.20%): | 0.6% - 1.3% |
| Wavefront Distortion (per inch of rod length): |
Standard Grade = l/4 Opto-Lase Grade = l/16 |
| End Face Parallelism: | < 10arc seconds |
| Extinction Ratio: | 25dB Minimum |
| Material Properties (1% Nd) | |
| Formula: | Y2.97Nd0.03Al5O12 |
| Crystal Structure: |
Cubic [111] |
| Moh Hardness: |
8 - 8.5 |
| Melting Point: |
1950°C (3540°F) |
| Density: |
4.55g/cm3 |
| Thermal Conductivity: | 0.14Wcm-1K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion: |
6.9x10-6oC-1 |
| dn/dT: | 7.3x10-6oC-1 |
| Index of Refraction: | 1.8197 at 1.0mm |
| Poisson Ratio: |
0.25 |
| Fluorescent Lifetime: | 230µs |
| Cross Section: |
7.6x10-19cm2 |
| Young's Modulus: |
3.17x104kg/mm2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance: | 790Wm-1 |
ER:YAG (2940 NM)
| Material Parameters | ||
|---|---|---|
| Host: | Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Y3AI5O12) | |
| Dopant: | Erbium (Er3+) | |
| Dopant Concentration: | 50Atomic% (~7x1021cm-3) | |
| Orientation: | [111] crystallographic directions (±5°) | |
| Wavefront Distortion: | 1/2 wave per inch of length | |
| End Configuration | ||
| Flatness: | within λ/10 wave at 633nm wavelength | |
| Parallelism: | within 30seconds of arc | |
| Perpendicularity: | within 5minutes of arc | |
| Surface Quality: | scratch-dig 10 - 5 per MIL-O-13830A | |
| Anti-Reflection End Coatings | ||
| Reflectivity: | less than 0.25% at 2.94microns | |
| Adhesion and Durability: | meets MIL-C-48497A standards | |
| Pulsed Damage Threshold: | greater than 10J/cm2 | |
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Northrop Grumman SYNOPTICS
1201 Continental Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28273
Phone: 704-588-2340 | Fax: 704-583-5851
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